The hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant potency of both raw and pressure-cooked turmeric and red pepper were evaluated in experimental rats rendered hypercholesterolemic by feeding 0.5% cholesterol enriched diet and maintained for 8 weeks on 5% spice diet.
Flowers are small, showy, hibiscus-like, solitary on short stalks in leaf axils, subtended by 5 basally united (involucral) bracts up to 0.7 cm, calyx 5-lobed, hairy, 5 petals, rose or pink, darker at the base, rounded, up to 1.5 cm long, stamens fused into an obvious pink column beneath a 5-lobed style. It has escaped from cultivation and can now be found naturalized principally in open and disturbed sites. Z. mauritiana has a deep and lateral root system. Sheaths glabrous or sparsely pilose;ligules 0.5-1 mm;blades 2.5-17.5 cm long, 3-13 mm wide, glabrous or sparsely pilose, bases subcordate, not clasping the stems, margins ciliate basally, with papillose-based hairs. (2006) describes V. bromoides as the followingS. This weedy grass spreads from cultivation, pastures, gardens, disturbed areas and roadsides to nearby disturbed forest, creeks and riversides, native grasslands and coastal habitats such as coastal forests and sand dunes (Weeds of Australia, 2015;FAO, 2015;PIER, 2015). Because this species grows in seasonally waterlogged areas, its seeds are often dispersed as a contaminant in dried and wet mud (Standley and Steyermark, 1946). The root system is very well developed and strong and the name jongos gras, used in South Africa, implies that it takes a young ox to uproot it. cattleianum is not a weed of crops but is an invasive species which threatens native forests and forestry plantations, and which has invaded meadows and pastures crowding out desirable forage plants (Hosaka and Thistle, 1954).Chloris virgata is a widespread and very variable weedy annual grass (Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2015). F. moluccana is a medium to fairly large-sized tree up to 40 m high with a small buttress. Jeff H. Taylor, Adrianne Waltenbaugh and Michelle Shields It is reported as invasive throughout Oceania, and various countries in Asia and Africa, where is reported as introduced (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016;PIER, 2016). Sessile spikelet 3–3.5 mm;lower glume obovate-elliptic or obovate-oblong, papery, 8–12-veined, glabrous or often sparsely hirsute on lower back, slightly glossy, margins shortly ciliate, keels winged, apex rounded;upper glume ciliate above middle, apex obtuse;awn 1.5–2.5 cm, weakly geniculate. It shows allelopathic activity and once established it can change features of ecosystem functions including hydrological cycles, biophysical dynamics, nutrient cycles, and community composition (Holm et al., 1977;Holou et al., 2013).F. Grain 1.5-2 mm long.D. Seeds continue to be available via mail-order on websites or seed catalogues, and the species will likely spread further.P.
partheniicola, is a prominent natural enemy in the semi-arid uplands of Mexico (Evans, 1987a, b), but since its release in Queensland in 1992, climatic conditions have been largely unfavourable (Evans, 1997a, b). P. officinarum displaces the inter-tussock vegetation leading to loss of forage and biodiversity.P. aegyptia is a relatively common weed in sugarcane (Brazil, Lesser Antilles, Reunion) and maize fields (Guatemala, Brazil, Nigeria), where it climbs up plants, bending and entangling their stems (Standley and Williams, 1970;Fournet and Hammerton, 1991;Lima e Silva et al., 2004;Valery, 2006;Chikoye et al., 2009;Correia et al., 2010;Correia, 2016). S. Buddhan, R. Anandan, pilosa is troublesome in both field and plantation crops and is reported to be a weed of 31 crops in more than 40 countries (Holm et al., 1977).C. Mukunda Chethankumar and Leela Srinivas The fruit tree Vitex doniana ... is the most popular species, followed by Passiflora edulis (Passifloraceae) and Passiflora foetida (Passifloraceae).
Extraction, purification and biological activities of polysaccharides from tropical and sub-tropical fruits were summarised.Structural characterisation of the fruits polysaccharides were briefly discussed.New perspectives for the future work of these polysaccharides were discussed.Tropical and sub-tropical fruits are tremendous sources of polysaccharides (PSs), which are of great interest in the human welfare system as natural medicines, food and cosmetics. Flowers are bisexual, zygomorphic, slightly imbricate to rather remote;sepals white or greenish to pinkish, linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, 3.5-6 mm;ovary superior. Spikes slender, rachis flexuous to erect or somewhat nodding, 14-40 cm long, ca. Cylindrical spikes of flowers forming spreading clusters are held at the ends of stems. Heads in terminal, rather small corymbs, homogamous, many-flowered, cylindrical, 13-16 x 5-6 mm, nodding during anthesis, afterwards erect;bracts linear, 0.5-10 cm long, peduncles densely pubescent;outer involucral bracts free, linear, 1-4 mm long, unequal, inner ones subequal, 1-2 seriate, green with dark-brown, acute, papillose tops, lanceolate, 8-12 mm long, thinly hairy, erect during anthesis, pellucid-marginate, cohering into a cylindrical tube, ultimately spreading, reflexed;hypanthium flat, epaleate, alveolate, alveoles with membranous rim.
arenaria is a grass species specially adapted to growing on sand dunes.
The shrub produces large quantities of seeds at an early age and has a persistent seed bank. annulatum is a perennial grass widely naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions of the world where it has been intentionally introduced. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Achenes cylindric-linear, ribbed, dark-brown with paler base and apex, thinly pubescent, 2 mm long;pappus hairs numerous, thin, silky, minutely toothed, white, caducous, 9-10 mm long (Kostermans et al., 1987).C. 2012). It has been classified as a weed in Cuba and as invasive in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. There are also longer, straight spines up to 2 cm long on the petioles and the veins of upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. In Australia it has known to adversely affect pastures, and lucerne, by crop contamination.