The former model describes psychosocial tasks as occurring in a definite age‐related sequence, while the latter describes tasks as occurring in response to particular life events and their timing.
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The life span developmental stage of middle adulthood is the focus of this article. The biopsychosocial changes that accompany midlife—specifically, menopause (the cessation of menstruation) in women and the male climacteric (male menopause) in men—appear to be major turning points in terms of the decline that eventually typifies older adulthood.
Online ahead of print.BMC Geriatr. "No one really thought about what it meant that a child matured into an adolescent, and an adolescent into an adult.
... "It may be suggesting that the changes we all go through during the midlife period have a biological basis," says Benes. Lesson 2.
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"It was like a blind spot in the neuroscience community," says Benes. Epub 2019 Mar 20.Peters R, Booth A, Rockwood K, Peters J, D'Este C, Anstey KJ.BMJ Open.
ASSIGNMENT 7.1 Physical and Cognitive Changes in Midlife Growing older appears to be inevitable but growing up is absolutely a choice in my opinion. Infants, for example, lack the fine motor coordination to move an index finger independently, since their nerves are insufficiently myelinated.
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Although cognitive development is generally believed to end by age 16 or sooner, emotional development may be ongoing even into the sixth decade of life. "The topic of brain development recalls the work of Jean Piaget, the Swiss psychologist who, in the 1920s, formulated a theory of how cognitive development proceeds in stages that is still taught in every introductory psychology class. In fact, Benes, who is based at McLean Hospital, wasn't even investigating late-life brain development.
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Unlike our physical abilities, which peak in our mid-20s and then begin a slow decline, our cognitive abilities remain relatively steady throughout early and middle adulthood. With this brainy array, which included specimens from birth through age 76 and sufficient numbers from each age group, Benes was able to use statistical methods to quantify the changes she'd seen in the lab.Myelination levels kept rising into the early twenties, she found, and then flattened out after having doubled in the second decade of life.
"Now that the age-five myth has been disproved, Benes says there are limitless possibilities for other types (and consequences) of brain development later in life. 2019 Dec 11;77(4):387-96. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3993. Specific domains or areas of development to be addressed include the physical, the cognitive, and the psychosocial.
Beds were set up for Spanish flu patients outside the Harvard-affiliated Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in 1918.Photograph courtesy of the Brigham and Women's Hospital ArchivesBeds were set up for Spanish flu patients outside the Harvard-affiliated Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in 1918.Photograph courtesy of the Brigham and Women's Hospital Archives
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022846. But because psychologists and neuroscientists have historically operated independently, declining to integrate and capitalize on each other's ideas, no one investigated the discrepancy between Piaget's theory and the neuroscientific conviction that brain development was complete at five. Cognitive development over 8 years in midlife and its association with cardiovascular risk factors.