All Rights Reserved. Randy J. Larsen, David M Buss; "Personality psychology, domains of knowledge about human nature", McGraw Hill, 2008 A Reversal Theory analysis of psychological responses during sports injury rehabilitation. But when oxytocin operates in high stress situations, it may encourage people to seek out social contact. Morgan, C. A., Wang, S., Southwick, S. M., Rasmousson, A., Hazlett, G., Hauger, R. L., & Charney, D. S. (2000). Multidimensional anxiety and performance. Imagery use in sport: A literature review and applied model.
Measurement of trait anxiety in sport. They demonstrated a negative linear trend between cognitive anxiety and performance and a positive relationship between self-confidence and performance (Burton, In short, it is probably correct to say that the relationship between anxiety and performance is more complex than outlined in MAT. offer a more detailed account of the attentional consequences of challenge and threat in visually guided motor skills, whereas Jones et al. Individual pregame state anxiety and basketball performance: A re-examination of the inverted-U curve. Metamotivational characteristics of eating-disordered and exercise-dependent triathletes: An application of reversal theory. Biofeedback applications in exercise and athletic performance. Gross, J. J. (1995).
When cognitive anxiety is high, increases in physiological arousal facilitate performance up to an optimum level, but increases past the optimum level result in a severe performance decrement (i.e., a catastrophe). Too much tension is detrimental to performance. The CSAI-2(d) measures not only the intensity of symptoms (as assessed by the original CSAI-2) but also considers the perception of these symptoms (e.g., Jones & Swain, One further limitation of MAT is that it considers the relationship between cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and performance in a series of two-dimensional relationships (Hardy, Metamotivational states may be related to participation (e.g., Lindner & Kerr, The left-hand side of the three-dimensional relationship where physiological arousal is low shows that increases in cognitive anxiety will help performance, whereas the opposite occurs when physiological arousal is high (the right-hand side). In general, arousal has two kinds of effects on performance. Matching social support with stressors: Effects on factors underlying performance in tennis. Tomaka, J., Blascovich, J., Kibler, J., & Ernst, J. M. (1997). Arousal stimulates adrenalin and other stimulant hormone production. Also known as regulation of emotion; is the ability to respond to the ongoing demands of experience with the range of emotions in a manner that is socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible to permit spontaneous reactions as well as the ability to delay spontaneous reactions as needed. Much of this research has considered the role of arousal as part of the anxiety response.Contemporary Approaches to Arousal and Sport PerformanceAnxiety is characterized by feelings of apprehension and tension along with activation or arousal of the autonomic nervous system (ANS; Spielberger, One of the most influential theories in sport research is the multidimensional theory of competitive state anxiety (MAT; Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, In MAT cognitive anxiety refers to “fear of failure and negative expectations about performance” while somatic anxiety refers to “individuals’ perceptions of their physiological state” (Hardy, Jones, & Gould, The conceptualization of competitive anxiety as a multidimensional construct meant that new measurement tools had to be developed. Blascovich, J., Seery, M. D., Mugridge, C. A., Norris, R. K., & Weisbuch, M. (2004). Arousal Control in Sport The use of imagery to manipulate challenge and threat appraisal states in athletes. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. Janelle (Eds. (1998).
Jones, G., & Swain, A. Challenge and threat appraisals: The role of affective cues. In this article, we’re specifically talking about sexual arousal, which is about being sexually excited or turned on. This causes physical responses, such as a faster heartbeat, rapid breathing, and an increase in blood pressure. However, the stress response is not evoked solely in situations of mortal danger; it occurs in response to any situation with the potential for physical or psychological harm, such as sport.
They choose specific options that lead to more favorable emotional states.The reversal theory accounts for the preference of either high or low arousal in different situations. Harris, D. V. (1986).
Lundqvist, C., Kentta, G., & Raglin, J. S. (2010). Stressing the group: Social identity and the unfolding dynamics of responses to stress. ), Freeman, P., & Rees, T. (2008).
Arousal is the level of activation and alertness experienced by a performer. (2001). Turner, M. J., Jones, M. V., Sheffield, D., Barker, J.
It can also be defined as Extrinsic and Intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reactions. Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Burton, D. (1990).